Russia/CIS

COP29 has disappointed and angered many campaigners, but has broken a deadlock in planning for financing climate action

China emerged as a key supplier of dual-use goods to Russia following the imposition of Western sanctions in 2022

The war and the potential of reduced external support will continue to shape Ukraine’s prospects in 2025

Gas prices have risen as trans-Siberian pipeline gas transit is set to end soon, and Gazprom cut supply to Austria’s OMV

Moscow has indicated that it could facilitate closer ties between Tbilisi and the two breakaway regions

The cybersecurity landscape in 2025 will see the emergence of new threats in the cryptocurrency and AI sectors

The Pacific Fleet’s combat capabilities have diminished due to the slow pace of naval modernisation

Supply risks, population growth and food production’s environmental unfriendliness create an opportunity for agritech