Russia/CIS
Russia will seek to retain influence in Kazakhstan
Russian President Vladimir Putin is in Kazakhstan for a Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) summit
KazakhstanCOP29 may drive forward climate finance
COP29 has disappointed and angered many campaigners, but has broken a deadlock in planning for financing climate action
InternationalProductivity and wider reforms can raise wage equality
Wage inequality has fallen in two-thirds of countries since 2000 but remains high, both within and between nations
InternationalRussian reliance on China for dual-use goods will rise
China emerged as a key supplier of dual-use goods to Russia following the imposition of Western sanctions in 2022
RussiaRussian currency weakness is likely to persist
The ruble fell to its weakest level in over two years following the imposition of fresh US sanctions
RussiaUkraine’s allies will target Russia’s ‘shadow fleet’
The UK government announced sanctions on 30 Russian ships linked to Moscow's ‘shadow fleet’ of oil tankers
RussiaProspects for Ukraine in 2025
The war and the potential of reduced external support will continue to shape Ukraine’s prospects in 2025
UkraineEuropean gas will be historically expensive into 2025
Gas prices have risen as trans-Siberian pipeline gas transit is set to end soon, and Gazprom cut supply to Austria’s OMV
International
