Kishida's three key policies may backfire

Prime Minister Kishida is doubling defence spending, drastically expanding childcare and promoting wage increases

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Costa Rica’s refugee stance may harden

Costa Rica's refugee response system is under severe pressure and may prove unsustainable

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Demographic pressures are increasing the stress on Social Security, which provides income for 90% of US retirees

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The fate of the reform may ultimately be decided by the Constitutional Court

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Bolivia’s economy looks likely to perform better than those of its neighbours this year by several measures

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The 2023/24 budget plans to increase total spending by 43% year on year, sharply widening the overall deficit

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Further fiscal tightening is coming this year to meet the primary deficit target agreed with the IMF

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Minimum wage hikes risk pushing formal businesses into the informal sector

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China says its population shrank in 2022 while Japan and Europe have raised fears about the impacts of ageing

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Cost-of-living pressures will constrain economic activity in Western Europe in 2023/24 but will ease in the medium term

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