War and sanctions will hit Russian consumer spending

Shoppers are reining in their purchases as goods become unavailable and family earners go off to fight

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US alliances with Philippines and Thailand diverge

Washington is having mixed success with efforts to maintain strong ties with its two treaty allies in South-east Asia

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In response to the war in Ukraine, Sofia and Bucharest have reinforced their defence postures, backed by NATO

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China's political support is for Russia generally, not its war, and there are limits to economic assistance

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Unity on Ukraine, the economic and energy crises, and migration pressures are among the EU’s main challenges for 2023

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Putin's next decisions in the war, and their success or failure, will colour his bid for re-election.

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Despite a new emphasis on defence spending and planning, Austria currently rules out changes to its policy of neutrality

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Russian aircraft and missiles are an important part of the war but are perceived as less successful than in Syria

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Russia's invasion of Ukraine is seriously affecting the Czech, Hungarian, Polish and Slovak economies

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Germany’s industrial competitiveness in under increasing threat from geopolitical risks and the environmental transition

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