AFGHANISTAN: Soviet experience has much to teach NATO
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In this article
- Neglected history
- Background -- failure of reform
- Rural resistance
- Unruly ally
- Transformative visions
- Intervention -- limited aims
- Local trigger
- Unwanted intervention
- Limited aims
- Campaign -- military limits
- Learning process
- Afghan allies
- Transient success
- Air power
- Broken ceasefires
- Withdrawal -- elusive objectives
- Elusive consensus
- Leaders and institutions
- International spoilers
- The aftermath
- Why the USSR failed
- Ignorance of the country
- Unclear mission
- Inadequate force
- Inability to hold ground
- Poor coordination
- Inability to close border
- Loss of domestic support
- The cost
- Lessons for the West
- Redefining objectives
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