International

A wide divergence in demand forecasts casts uncertainty over oil markets in 2024

Supply chain conditions have normalised but world trade flows will remain weak into 2024

African oil exporters have not raised output in recent years and face high rates and difficulties stimulating investment

Disinformation, including AI-generated content, is thoroughly testing legislators and social media

Cybersecurity challenges are set to rise next year due to technological disruptions as well as new mitigation policies

The weaponisation of graphite threatens the markets for anode materials and technologies

The United States and China, the largest global growth engines, will slow notably; downside risks dominate

The green transition and geopolitical risks to mineral supply chains will intensify seabed mining