INTERNATIONAL: Can digital attacks be acts of war?

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In this article

  • Three flashpoints
  • Estonia
  • Public/private targets
  • Kremlin involvement?
  • United States
  • Minimal impact
  • Continuing revelations
  • Belarus
  • Categories of attack
  • Digital espionage
  • Cyber-terrorism
  • 'Cyber-war?'
  • Cautious reaction
  • NATO
  • Attribution
  • Half the picture
  • Imperfect forensics
  • Outlook

What is this?

This article is from the Oxford Analytica Daily Brief, which analyses geopolitical, economic, social, business and industrial developments on a global and regional basis, providing clients with timely, authoritative analysis every business day of the year. Find out more about the Oxford Analytica Daily Brief, or request a trial.